Single-molecule tracking of dye diffusion in synthetic polymers: A tutorial review

Single-molecule tracking (SMT) methods have been widely employed to offer a high-resolution characterization of synthetic polymers under ambient conditions and, thus, advanced our understanding their unique material properties. SMT is based on the systematic monitoring diffusive motions individual fluorescent dye molecules in as-prepared polymer thin films or thicker monoliths. Quantitative assessment recorded video data involves analysis generated diffusion trajectories single molecule using well-established and reported methods. The results offered wealth new information structural alignment, orientational order, long-range continuity microdomains; nanoscale heterogeneities governed by defects, misalignment, ill-controlled preparation conditions; as well various forms probe–host interactions single-molecule level. In first part this Tutorial review, we describe fundamental principles instrumentation SMT, before offering interested readers potential future users practical guidance selection probe molecules, suitable samples, optimization experimental imaging parameters. Then, highlight several representative studies microphase-separated block copolymers, semicrystalline amorphous homopolymers further emphasize usefulness for without neglecting some shortcomings. This review written with motivation attract researchers fast-growing field assist them starting own research other technologically useful soft matter systems.